Thinking, Fast and Slow – Daniel Kahneman

To be a good diagnostician, a physician needs to acquire a large set of labels
for diseases, each of which binds an idea of the illness and its symptoms,
possible antecedents and causes, possible developments and consequences, and
possible interventions to cure or mitigate the illness. Learning medicine consists
in part of learning the language of medicine. A deeper understanding of
judgments and choices also requires a richer vocabulary than is available in
everyday language. The hope for informed gossip is that there are distinctive
patterns in the errors people make. Systematic errors are known as biases, and
they recur predictably in particular circumstances. When the handsome and
confident speaker bounds onto the stage, for example, you can anticipate that the
audience will judge his comments more favorably than he deserves. The
availability of a diagnostic label for this bias—the halo effect—makes it easier to
anticipate, recognize, and understand.